Instruments names
bamboo chamber flute bamboo flutes bansuri basin drum bilma clapsticks bolivian wood flute
bolon border pipes bulbultarang cajon chromatic harmonica circle flute clarinet classical flute
congas curved soprano sax daf darbuka didgeridoo djembe duduk from armenia
indian double chamber flute kaen kalimba mbira kaval kora launeddas melodica mezoued
ocarina organpipes overtone flute panflute recorder santoor saw.u scottish tin whistles
straight soprano sax suling indonesian flutes talking drum tambourine tenor saxophone
udu drum zither
Kaval (Hungary Romania)
The kaval [ka'val] is a chromatic end-blown flute traditionally
played throughout Azerbaijan Turkey Bulgaria Republic of Macedonia
Kosova / Albania (Kavall), northern Greece (Kavali or Dzhamara),
southern Romania (Caval), Armenia (Blur) and Kurdish (Blul). The
kaval is primarily associated with mountain shepherds throughout
the Balkans and Anatolia and in the book "KAVAL: Traditional
Folk Melodies for Balkan & Anatolian Folk Flute", author
Pat MacSwyney suggests that the kaval was spread throughout these
regions by Yoruk nomads who inhabited the Pindus, Shar, Pirin Rhodope
mountains of the southern European Balkan peninsula and the Taurus
mountains of southern Turkey.
Unlike the transverse flute, the kaval is fully open at both ends,
and is played by blowing on the sharpened edge of one end. The kaval
has 8 playing holes (7 in front and 1 in the back for thumb) and
usually 4 "devil's holes" down near the bottom of the
kaval. The devil's holes are supposed to improve tone and intonation.
There is a Bulgarian folk tale in which the devil tries to out-play
a shepherd in a musical dual. While the shepherd is sleeping, the
devil drilled holes in the shepherds kaval but instead of ruining
the kaval, this only served to enhance the shepherd's kaval playing
thus thwarting the devil. While typically made of wood, kavals are
also made from Arundo donax LINNAEUS 1753 (Persian Reed), metal
and plastic.
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